bitmap.cc

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#include "bitmap.h"
 
#include "app/platform/sdl_compat.h"
 
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>  // for memcpy
#include <span>
#include <stdexcept>
 
#include "app/gfx/debug/performance/performance_profiler.h"
#include "app/gfx/resource/arena.h"
#include "app/gfx/types/snes_palette.h"
#include "util/log.h"
 
namespace yaze {
namespace gfx {
 
class BitmapError : public std::runtime_error {
 public:
  using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
};
 
Uint32 GetSnesPixelFormat(int format) {
  switch (format) {
    case 0:
      return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_INDEX8;
    case 1:
      return SNES_PIXELFORMAT_4BPP;
    case 2:
      return SNES_PIXELFORMAT_8BPP;
    default:
      return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_INDEX8;
  }
}
 
Bitmap::Bitmap(int width, int height, int depth,
               const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
    : width_(width), height_(height), depth_(depth), data_(data) {
  Create(width, height, depth, data);
}
 
Bitmap::Bitmap(int width, int height, int depth,
               const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, const SnesPalette& palette)
    : width_(width),
      height_(height),
      depth_(depth),
      palette_(palette),
      data_(data) {
  Create(width, height, depth, data);
  SetPalette(palette);
}
 
Bitmap::Bitmap(const Bitmap& other)
    : width_(other.width_),
      height_(other.height_),
      depth_(other.depth_),
      active_(other.active_),
      modified_(other.modified_),
      palette_(other.palette_),
      data_(other.data_) {
  // Copy the data and recreate surface/texture with simple assignment
  pixel_data_ = data_.data();
  if (active_ && !data_.empty()) {
    surface_ = Arena::Get().AllocateSurface(
        width_, height_, depth_, GetSnesPixelFormat(BitmapFormat::kIndexed));
    if (surface_) {
      platform::EnsureSurfacePalette256(surface_);
      SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
      memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, data_.size());
      SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
 
      // Apply the copied palette to the new SDL surface
      if (!palette_.empty()) {
        ApplyStoredPalette();
      }
    }
  }
}
 
Bitmap& Bitmap::operator=(const Bitmap& other) {
  if (this != &other) {
    // CRITICAL: Release old resources before replacing to prevent leaks
    // Queue texture destruction if we have one
    if (texture_) {
      Arena::Get().QueueTextureCommand(Arena::TextureCommandType::DESTROY,
                                       this);
    }
    // Free old surface through Arena
    if (surface_) {
      Arena::Get().FreeSurface(surface_);
      surface_ = nullptr;
    }
 
    width_ = other.width_;
    height_ = other.height_;
    depth_ = other.depth_;
    active_ = other.active_;
    modified_ = other.modified_;
    palette_ = other.palette_;
    data_ = other.data_;
    // Assign new generation since this is effectively a new bitmap
    generation_ = next_generation_++;
 
    // Copy the data and recreate surface/texture
    pixel_data_ = data_.data();
    if (active_ && !data_.empty()) {
      surface_ = Arena::Get().AllocateSurface(
          width_, height_, depth_, GetSnesPixelFormat(BitmapFormat::kIndexed));
      if (surface_) {
        platform::EnsureSurfacePalette256(surface_);
        SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
        memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, data_.size());
        SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
 
        // Apply the copied palette to the new SDL surface
        if (!palette_.empty()) {
          ApplyStoredPalette();
        }
      }
    }
    texture_ = nullptr;  // Will be recreated on demand
  }
  return *this;
}
 
Bitmap::Bitmap(Bitmap&& other) noexcept
    : width_(other.width_),
      height_(other.height_),
      depth_(other.depth_),
      active_(other.active_),
      modified_(other.modified_),
      generation_(other.generation_),
      texture_pixels(other.texture_pixels),
      pixel_data_(other.pixel_data_),
      palette_(std::move(other.palette_)),
      data_(std::move(other.data_)),
      surface_(other.surface_),
      texture_(other.texture_) {
  // Reset the moved-from object
  other.width_ = 0;
  other.height_ = 0;
  other.depth_ = 0;
  other.active_ = false;
  other.modified_ = false;
  other.generation_ = 0;
  other.texture_pixels = nullptr;
  other.pixel_data_ = nullptr;
  other.surface_ = nullptr;
  other.texture_ = nullptr;
}
 
Bitmap& Bitmap::operator=(Bitmap&& other) noexcept {
  if (this != &other) {
    // CRITICAL: Release old resources before taking ownership of new ones
    // Note: We can't queue texture destruction in noexcept move, so we rely on
    // the Arena's deferred command system to handle stale textures via generation
    // checking. The old texture will be orphaned but won't cause crashes.
    // For proper cleanup, prefer copy assignment when explicit resource release
    // is needed.
    if (surface_) {
      Arena::Get().FreeSurface(surface_);
    }
 
    width_ = other.width_;
    height_ = other.height_;
    depth_ = other.depth_;
    active_ = other.active_;
    modified_ = other.modified_;
    generation_ = other.generation_;  // Preserve generation from source
    texture_pixels = other.texture_pixels;
    pixel_data_ = other.pixel_data_;
    palette_ = std::move(other.palette_);
    data_ = std::move(other.data_);
    surface_ = other.surface_;
    texture_ = other.texture_;
 
    // Reset the moved-from object
    other.width_ = 0;
    other.height_ = 0;
    other.depth_ = 0;
    other.active_ = false;
    other.modified_ = false;
    other.generation_ = 0;
    other.texture_pixels = nullptr;
    other.pixel_data_ = nullptr;
    other.surface_ = nullptr;
    other.texture_ = nullptr;
  }
  return *this;
}
 
void Bitmap::Create(int width, int height, int depth, std::span<uint8_t> data) {
  data_ = std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end());
  Create(width, height, depth, data_);
}
 
void Bitmap::Create(int width, int height, int depth,
                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
  Create(width, height, depth, static_cast<int>(BitmapFormat::kIndexed), data);
}
 
void Bitmap::Create(int width, int height, int depth, int format,
                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
  // Treat recreation as a new resource generation before touching either
  // deferred commands or the current resources. Commands queued for the old
  // surface/texture will then be discarded as stale by Arena.
  generation_ = next_generation_++;
 
  // Preserve an existing texture handle. A caller can queue UPDATE to reuse it
  // with the new surface. If the caller instead queues CREATE, Arena owns
  // destroying the old texture immediately before creating its replacement.
  if (surface_) {
    Arena::Get().FreeSurface(surface_);
    surface_ = nullptr;
  }
 
  width_ = width;
  height_ = height;
  depth_ = depth;
  data_ = data;
  pixel_data_ = data_.data();
  active_ = false;
 
  if (data.empty()) {
    SDL_Log("Bitmap data is empty\n");
    return;
  }
 
  surface_ = Arena::Get().AllocateSurface(width_, height_, depth_,
                                          GetSnesPixelFormat(format));
  if (surface_ == nullptr) {
    SDL_Log("Bitmap::Create.SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceWithFormat failed: %s\n",
            SDL_GetError());
    active_ = false;
    return;
  }
 
  // Ensure indexed surfaces have a proper 256-color palette
  // This fixes issues where SDL3 creates surfaces with smaller default palettes
  if (format == static_cast<int>(BitmapFormat::kIndexed)) {
    platform::EnsureSurfacePalette256(surface_);
  }
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Use proper SDL surface operations instead of direct pointer
  // assignment Direct assignment breaks SDL's memory management and causes
  // malloc errors on shutdown
  if (surface_ && data_.size() > 0) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    size_t copy_size = std::min(
        data_.size(), static_cast<size_t>(surface_->pitch * surface_->h));
    memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, copy_size);
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  }
  active_ = true;
 
  // Apply the stored palette if one exists
  if (!palette_.empty()) {
    ApplyStoredPalette();
  }
}
 
void Bitmap::Reformat(int format) {
  surface_ = Arena::Get().AllocateSurface(width_, height_, depth_,
                                          GetSnesPixelFormat(format));
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Use proper SDL surface operations instead of direct pointer
  // assignment
  if (surface_ && data_.size() > 0) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    size_t copy_size = std::min(
        data_.size(), static_cast<size_t>(surface_->pitch * surface_->h));
    memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, copy_size);
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  }
  active_ = true;
  SetPalette(palette_);
}
 
void Bitmap::CreateTexture() {
  Arena::Get().QueueTextureCommand(Arena::TextureCommandType::CREATE, this);
}
 
void Bitmap::UpdateTexture() {
  Arena::Get().QueueTextureCommand(Arena::TextureCommandType::UPDATE, this);
}
 
void Bitmap::ApplyStoredPalette() {
  if (!surface_ || palette_.empty()) {
    return;  // Can't apply without surface or palette
  }
 
  // Invalidate palette cache when palette changes
  InvalidatePaletteCache();
 
  // For indexed surfaces, ensure palette exists
  SDL_Palette* sdl_palette = platform::GetSurfacePalette(surface_);
  if (sdl_palette == nullptr) {
    // Non-indexed surface or palette not created - can't apply palette
    SDL_Log("Warning: Bitmap surface has no palette (non-indexed format?)\n");
    return;
  }
 
  SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
 
  // Build SDL color array from SnesPalette
  // Only set the colors that exist in the palette - don't fill unused entries
  std::vector<SDL_Color> colors(palette_.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < palette_.size(); ++i) {
    const auto& pal_color = palette_[i];
 
    // Get RGB values - stored as 0-255 in ImVec4 (unconventional!)
    ImVec4 rgb_255 = pal_color.rgb();
 
    colors[i].r = static_cast<Uint8>(rgb_255.x);
    colors[i].g = static_cast<Uint8>(rgb_255.y);
    colors[i].b = static_cast<Uint8>(rgb_255.z);
 
    // Only apply transparency if explicitly set
    if (pal_color.is_transparent()) {
      colors[i].a = 0;  // Fully transparent
    } else {
      colors[i].a = 255;  // Fully opaque
    }
  }
 
  // Apply palette to surface using SDL_SetPaletteColors
  // Only set the colors we have - leave rest of palette unchanged
  // This prevents breaking systems that use small palettes (8-16 colors)
  SDL_SetPaletteColors(sdl_palette, colors.data(), 0,
                       static_cast<int>(palette_.size()));
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Enable blending so SDL respects the alpha channel in the palette
  // Without this, indexed surfaces may ignore transparency
  SDL_SetSurfaceBlendMode(surface_, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
 
  SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
}
 
void Bitmap::UpdateSurfacePixels() {
  if (!surface_ || data_.empty()) {
    return;
  }
 
  // Copy pixel data from data_ vector to SDL surface
  SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
  if (surface_->pixels && data_.size() > 0) {
    memcpy(surface_->pixels, data_.data(),
           std::min(data_.size(),
                    static_cast<size_t>(surface_->pitch * surface_->h)));
  }
  SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
}
 
void Bitmap::SetPalette(const SnesPalette& palette) {
  // Store palette even if surface isn't ready yet
  palette_ = palette;
 
  // Apply it immediately if surface is ready
  ApplyStoredPalette();
 
  // Mark as modified to trigger texture update
  modified_ = true;
}
 
void Bitmap::ApplyPaletteByMetadata(const SnesPalette& palette,
                                    int sub_palette_index) {
  if (metadata_.palette_format == 1) {
    // Sub-palette: need transparent black + 7 colors from palette
    // Common for 3BPP graphics sheets (title screen, etc.)
    SetPaletteWithTransparent(palette, sub_palette_index, 7);
  } else {
    // Full palette application
    // Used for 4BPP, Mode 7, and other full-color formats
    SetPalette(palette);
  }
}
 
void Bitmap::SetPaletteWithTransparent(const SnesPalette& palette, size_t index,
                                       int length) {
  // Store the full palette for reference (not modified)
  palette_ = palette;
 
  // If surface isn't created yet, just store the palette for later
  if (surface_ == nullptr) {
    return;  // Palette will be applied when surface is created
  }
 
  // Validate parameters
  if (index >= palette.size()) {
    throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid palette index");
  }
 
  if (length < 0 || length > 15) {
    throw std::invalid_argument(
        "Invalid palette length (must be 0-15 for SNES palettes)");
  }
 
  if (index + length > palette.size()) {
    throw std::invalid_argument("Palette index + length exceeds size");
  }
 
  // Build SNES sub-palette (up to 16 colors: transparent + length entries)
  std::vector<ImVec4> colors;
 
  // Color 0: Transparent (SNES hardware requirement)
  colors.push_back(ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0));  // Transparent black
 
  // Colors 1-15: Extract from source palette
  // NOTE: palette[i].rgb() returns 0-255 values in ImVec4 (unconventional!)
  for (size_t i = 0;
       i < static_cast<size_t>(length) && (index + i) < palette.size(); ++i) {
    const auto& pal_color = palette[index + i];
    ImVec4 rgb_255 = pal_color.rgb();  // 0-255 range (unconventional storage)
 
    // Convert to standard ImVec4 0-1 range for SDL
    colors.push_back(ImVec4(rgb_255.x / 255.0f, rgb_255.y / 255.0f,
                            rgb_255.z / 255.0f, 1.0f));  // Always opaque
  }
 
  // Ensure we have exactly 1 + length colors (transparent + requested entries)
  while (colors.size() < static_cast<size_t>(length + 1)) {
    colors.push_back(ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 1.0f));  // Fill with opaque black
  }
 
  // Update palette cache with full palette (for color lookup)
  InvalidatePaletteCache();
 
  // Apply the SNES sub-palette to SDL surface (supports 3bpp=8 and 4bpp=16)
  SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  SDL_Palette* sdl_palette = platform::GetSurfacePalette(surface_);
  if (!sdl_palette) {
    SDL_Log("Warning: Bitmap surface has no palette (non-indexed format?)\n");
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    return;
  }
  const int num_colors = static_cast<int>(colors.size());
  for (int color_index = 0; color_index < num_colors; ++color_index) {
    if (color_index < sdl_palette->ncolors) {
      sdl_palette->colors[color_index].r =
          static_cast<Uint8>(colors[color_index].x * 255.0f);
      sdl_palette->colors[color_index].g =
          static_cast<Uint8>(colors[color_index].y * 255.0f);
      sdl_palette->colors[color_index].b =
          static_cast<Uint8>(colors[color_index].z * 255.0f);
      sdl_palette->colors[color_index].a =
          static_cast<Uint8>(colors[color_index].w * 255.0f);
    }
  }
  SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Enable RLE acceleration and set color key for transparency
  // SDL ignores palette alpha for INDEX8 unless color key is set or blending is enabled
  SDL_SetColorKey(surface_, SDL_TRUE, 0);
  SDL_SetSurfaceBlendMode(surface_, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
}
 
void Bitmap::SetPalette(const std::vector<SDL_Color>& palette) {
  // CRITICAL: Validate surface and palette before accessing
  if (!surface_) {
    return;
  }
 
  // Ensure surface has a proper 256-color palette before setting colors
  // This fixes issues where SDL creates surfaces with smaller default palettes
  platform::EnsureSurfacePalette256(surface_);
 
  SDL_Palette* sdl_palette = platform::GetSurfacePalette(surface_);
  if (!sdl_palette) {
    SDL_Log("Warning: SetPalette - surface has no palette!");
    return;
  }
 
  int max_colors = sdl_palette->ncolors;
  int colors_to_set = static_cast<int>(palette.size());
 
  // Debug: Check if palette capacity is sufficient (should be 256 after EnsureSurfacePalette256)
  if (max_colors < colors_to_set) {
    SDL_Log(
        "Warning: SetPalette - SDL palette has %d colors, trying to set %d. "
        "Colors above %d may not display correctly.",
        max_colors, colors_to_set, max_colors);
    colors_to_set = max_colors;  // Clamp to available space
  }
 
  SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
 
  // Use SDL_SetPaletteColors for proper palette setting
  // This is more reliable than direct array access
  if (SDL_SetPaletteColors(sdl_palette, palette.data(), 0, colors_to_set) !=
      0) {
    SDL_Log("Warning: SDL_SetPaletteColors failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
    // Fall back to manual setting
    for (int i = 0; i < colors_to_set; ++i) {
      sdl_palette->colors[i].r = palette[i].r;
      sdl_palette->colors[i].g = palette[i].g;
      sdl_palette->colors[i].b = palette[i].b;
      sdl_palette->colors[i].a = palette[i].a;
    }
  }
 
  SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
}
 
void Bitmap::WriteToPixel(int position, uint8_t value) {
  // Bounds checking to prevent crashes
  if (position < 0 || position >= static_cast<int>(data_.size())) {
    SDL_Log("ERROR: WriteToPixel - position %d out of bounds (size: %zu)",
            position, data_.size());
    return;
  }
 
  // Safety check: ensure bitmap is active and has valid data
  if (!active_ || data_.empty()) {
    SDL_Log(
        "ERROR: WriteToPixel - bitmap not active or data empty (active=%s, "
        "size=%zu)",
        active_ ? "true" : "false", data_.size());
    return;
  }
 
  if (pixel_data_ == nullptr) {
    pixel_data_ = data_.data();
  }
 
  // Safety check: ensure surface exists and is valid
  if (!surface_ || !surface_->pixels) {
    SDL_Log(
        "ERROR: WriteToPixel - surface or pixels are null (surface=%p, "
        "pixels=%p)",
        surface_, surface_ ? surface_->pixels : nullptr);
    return;
  }
 
  // Additional validation: ensure pixel_data_ is valid
  if (pixel_data_ == nullptr) {
    SDL_Log("ERROR: WriteToPixel - pixel_data_ is null after assignment");
    return;
  }
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Update both data_ and surface_ properly
  data_[position] = value;
  pixel_data_[position] = value;
 
  // Update surface if it exists
  if (surface_) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    static_cast<uint8_t*>(surface_->pixels)[position] = value;
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  }
 
  // Mark as modified for traditional update path
  modified_ = true;
}
 
void Bitmap::WriteColor(int position, const ImVec4& color) {
  // Bounds checking to prevent crashes
  if (position < 0 || position >= static_cast<int>(data_.size())) {
    return;
  }
 
  // Safety check: ensure bitmap is active and has valid data
  if (!active_ || data_.empty()) {
    return;
  }
 
  // Safety check: ensure surface exists and is valid
  if (!surface_ || !surface_->pixels) {
    return;
  }
 
  // Convert ImVec4 (RGBA) to SDL_Color (RGBA)
  SDL_Color sdl_color;
  sdl_color.r = static_cast<Uint8>(color.x * 255);
  sdl_color.g = static_cast<Uint8>(color.y * 255);
  sdl_color.b = static_cast<Uint8>(color.z * 255);
  sdl_color.a = static_cast<Uint8>(color.w * 255);
 
  // Map SDL_Color to the nearest color index in the surface's palette
  Uint8 index = static_cast<Uint8>(
      platform::MapRGB(surface_, sdl_color.r, sdl_color.g, sdl_color.b));
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Update both data_ and surface_ properly
  if (pixel_data_ == nullptr) {
    pixel_data_ = data_.data();
  }
  data_[position] = ConvertRgbToSnes(color);
  pixel_data_[position] = index;
 
  // Update surface if it exists
  if (surface_) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    static_cast<uint8_t*>(surface_->pixels)[position] = index;
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  }
 
  modified_ = true;
}
 
void Bitmap::Get8x8Tile(int tile_index, int x, int y,
                        std::vector<uint8_t>& tile_data,
                        int& tile_data_offset) {
  int tile_offset = tile_index * (width_ * height_);
  int tile_x = (x * 8) % width_;
  int tile_y = (y * 8) % height_;
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
      int pixel_offset = tile_offset + (tile_y + i) * width_ + tile_x + j;
      uint8_t pixel_value = data_[pixel_offset];
      tile_data[tile_data_offset] = pixel_value;
      tile_data_offset++;
    }
  }
}
 
void Bitmap::Get16x16Tile(int tile_x, int tile_y,
                          std::vector<uint8_t>& tile_data,
                          int& tile_data_offset) {
  for (int ty = 0; ty < 16; ty++) {
    for (int tx = 0; tx < 16; tx++) {
      // Calculate the pixel position in the bitmap
      int pixel_x = tile_x + tx;
      int pixel_y = tile_y + ty;
      int pixel_offset = (pixel_y * width_) + pixel_x;
      uint8_t pixel_value = data_[pixel_offset];
 
      // Store the pixel value in the tile data
      tile_data[tile_data_offset] = pixel_value;
      tile_data_offset++;
    }
  }
}
 
void Bitmap::SetPixel(int x, int y, const SnesColor& color) {
  if (x < 0 || x >= width_ || y < 0 || y >= height_) {
    return;  // Bounds check
  }
 
  int position = y * width_ + x;
  if (position >= 0 && position < static_cast<int>(data_.size())) {
    uint8_t color_index = FindColorIndex(color);
    data_[position] = color_index;
 
    // Update pixel_data_ to maintain consistency
    if (pixel_data_) {
      pixel_data_[position] = color_index;
    }
 
    // Update surface if it exists
    if (surface_) {
      SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
      static_cast<uint8_t*>(surface_->pixels)[position] = color_index;
      SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
    }
 
    // Update dirty region for efficient texture updates
    dirty_region_.AddPoint(x, y);
    modified_ = true;
  }
}
 
void Bitmap::Resize(int new_width, int new_height) {
  if (new_width <= 0 || new_height <= 0) {
    return;  // Invalid dimensions
  }
 
  std::vector<uint8_t> new_data(new_width * new_height, 0);
 
  // Copy existing data, handling size changes
  if (!data_.empty()) {
    for (int y = 0; y < std::min(height_, new_height); y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < std::min(width_, new_width); x++) {
        int old_pos = y * width_ + x;
        int new_pos = y * new_width + x;
        if (old_pos < (int)data_.size() && new_pos < (int)new_data.size()) {
          new_data[new_pos] = data_[old_pos];
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  width_ = new_width;
  height_ = new_height;
  data_ = std::move(new_data);
  pixel_data_ = data_.data();
 
  // Recreate surface with new dimensions
  surface_ = Arena::Get().AllocateSurface(
      width_, height_, depth_, GetSnesPixelFormat(BitmapFormat::kIndexed));
  if (surface_) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, data_.size());
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
    active_ = true;
  } else {
    active_ = false;
  }
 
  modified_ = true;
}
 
uint32_t Bitmap::HashColor(const ImVec4& color) {
  // Convert float values to integers for consistent hashing
  uint32_t r = static_cast<uint32_t>(color.x * 255.0F) & 0xFF;
  uint32_t g = static_cast<uint32_t>(color.y * 255.0F) & 0xFF;
  uint32_t b = static_cast<uint32_t>(color.z * 255.0F) & 0xFF;
  uint32_t a = static_cast<uint32_t>(color.w * 255.0F) & 0xFF;
 
  // Simple hash combining all components
  return (r << 24) | (g << 16) | (b << 8) | a;
}
 
void Bitmap::InvalidatePaletteCache() {
  color_to_index_cache_.clear();
 
  // Rebuild cache with current palette
  for (size_t i = 0; i < palette_.size(); i++) {
    uint32_t color_hash = HashColor(palette_[i].rgb());
    color_to_index_cache_[color_hash] = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);
  }
}
 
uint8_t Bitmap::FindColorIndex(const SnesColor& color) {
  ScopedTimer timer("palette_lookup_optimized");
  uint32_t hash = HashColor(color.rgb());
  auto it = color_to_index_cache_.find(hash);
  return (it != color_to_index_cache_.end()) ? it->second : 0;
}
 
void Bitmap::set_data(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
  // Validate input data
  if (data.empty()) {
    SDL_Log("Warning: set_data called with empty data vector");
    return;
  }
 
  data_ = data;
  pixel_data_ = data_.data();
 
  // CRITICAL FIX: Use proper SDL surface operations instead of direct pointer
  // assignment
  if (surface_ && !data_.empty()) {
    SDL_LockSurface(surface_);
    memcpy(surface_->pixels, pixel_data_, data_.size());
    SDL_UnlockSurface(surface_);
  }
 
  modified_ = true;
}
 
bool Bitmap::ValidateDataSurfaceSync() {
  if (!surface_ || !surface_->pixels || data_.empty()) {
    SDL_Log("ValidateDataSurfaceSync: surface or data is null/empty");
    return false;
  }
 
  // Check if data and surface are synchronized
  size_t surface_size = static_cast<size_t>(surface_->h * surface_->pitch);
  size_t data_size = data_.size();
  size_t compare_size = std::min(data_size, surface_size);
 
  if (compare_size == 0) {
    SDL_Log("ValidateDataSurfaceSync: invalid sizes - surface: %zu, data: %zu",
            surface_size, data_size);
    return false;
  }
 
  // Compare first few bytes to check synchronization
  if (memcmp(surface_->pixels, data_.data(), compare_size) != 0) {
    SDL_Log("ValidateDataSurfaceSync: data and surface are not synchronized");
    return false;
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
}  // namespace gfx
}  // namespace yaze